The highest motorable roads in the world
Ladakh, also known as the “Land of High Passes,” is a dream destination for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts alike. India’s northernmost region, Ladakh, offers some of the planet’s most exhilarating and scenic drives. These areas are renowned for their breathtaking landscapes, towering mountains, deep valleys, and pristine lakes. The adventurous routes through Ladakh’s mountain passes are not just about the thrill of the drive but about the journey through one of the world’s most stunning and remote regions. Each pass offers unique challenges and rewards, attracting thrill-seekers and nature enthusiasts from all over the globe.Â
In fact, when you ascend to Khardung La Pass at 5,600 m (18,380 ft), you’re more than halfway up Mount Everest’s height, 8,848.86 m (29,032 ft) and higher than many aircraft fly, emphasising the extreme and awe-inspiring nature of this remarkable destination.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll take you through everything you need to know to plan your adventure in Ladakh. From how to get there and the best ways to get around to essential tips and the most famous passes, we’ve got you covered. You’ll learn about the best times to visit, must-see places of interest, and what to be aware of to ensure a safe and unforgettable journey. Whether you’re a seasoned traveller or embarking on your first high-altitude adventure, this guide will help you make the most of your trip to Ladakh, the ultimate destination for high-altitude driving and natural beauty.
How To Get There
By Air:
The quickest way to reach Ladakh is by flying into Leh’s Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport. This airport connects to major Indian cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Srinagar. From Leh, you can start your journey to the various mountain passes. Flights operate daily, but booking in advance is advisable, especially during peak tourist season.
By Road:
For those who seek an adventure right from the start, driving to Ladakh is an unforgettable experience. There are two primary routes to consider:
- Manali-Leh Highway: This route spans approximately 490 kilometres and takes you through breathtaking landscapes. Major stops include the Rohtang Pass, Baralacha La, and Tanglang La. Each pass offers unique challenges and stunning views, making the journey as rewarding as the destination.
- Srinagar-Leh Highway: This route covers about 434 kilometres and takes you through Zoji La and Fotu La. The drive offers a mix of lush green landscapes and barren mountains, providing a diverse visual experience.
Both routes offer spectacular views and challenging terrain, best suited for experienced drivers. However, these highways are only open from May to October, as heavy snowfall makes them impassable during winter.
Getting Around
Once in Leh, you have several options for exploring the mountain passes:
- Motorbikes: A popular choice among thrill-seekers, renting a Royal Enfield or similar bike allows you to immerse yourself fully in the adventure. Ensure you are comfortable handling a bike in rugged terrain and high altitudes.
- Jeeps and SUVs: Jeeps and SUVs are ideal for a more comfortable ride. They offer better protection from the elements and can easily handle the rough roads of Ladakh. Renting a vehicle with a local driver can be beneficial, as they are familiar with the terrain and driving conditions.
- Taxis: Taxis are widely available in Leh and can be hired for day trips or longer excursions. Negotiate the fare beforehand and ensure the driver has experience with the routes.
What to be aware of
Altitude Sickness:
Ladakh’s high altitude can cause acute mountain sickness (AMS), which can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Acclimatizing in Leh for a few days is crucial before heading to higher altitudes. This information will help you stay informed and prepared for your journey. Stay hydrated, avoid alcohol, and consider taking Diamox tablets (consult a doctor first).
Permits:
Certain areas in Ladakh require Inner Line Permits (ILP), which can be obtained from the DC office in Leh or through registered travel agents. Ensure you carry multiple photocopies of the permits, which may be required at various checkpoints.
Weather Conditions:
Ladakh’s weather can be unpredictable. Always check the forecast before venturing out, and be prepared for sudden changes. Carry warm clothing, even in summer, as temperatures can drop significantly at higher altitudes.
Fuel:
Fuel stations are sparse in Ladakh, especially in remote areas. Carrying extra fuel is advisable, particularly when travelling to passes like Khardung La and Chang La. Plan your fuel stops and fill up whenever you get the chance.
Oxygen Bottle:
One of the most important considerations when travelling through the high mountain passes of Ladakh is the region’s extreme altitude. With elevations often exceeding 5,000 meters (16,400 feet), the air at these heights contains significantly less oxygen than at sea level. This can lead to Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) or, in severe cases, more dangerous altitude-related illnesses. One of the best precautions you can take to ensure your safety and comfort while exploring Ladakh is to carry portable oxygen bottles.
Take Note:
While carrying an oxygen bottle is a wise precaution, it’s also important to remember that it’s not a cure for altitude sickness. The best strategy is to acclimatize slowly, stay hydrated, avoid alcohol, and listen to your body.Â
If you feel unwell, don’t push yourself—use your oxygen bottle, descend to a lower altitude, and seek medical help if necessary.
Exploring the majestic passes of Ladakh is a thrilling adventure, but safety should always come first. Carrying an oxygen bottle can ensure that your journey remains memorable and safe.
The Most Famous Passes
Khardung La:
Often claimed as the highest motorable road in the world, Khardung La stands at an elevation of 5,359 meters (17,582 feet). It connects Leh with the Nubra Valley and offers panoramic views of the Karakoram Range. The road to Khardung La is steep and winding, but the sense of accomplishment and the breathtaking views make it a journey worth taking. Be prepared for possible road closures due to weather conditions.
Chang La:
At 5,360 meters (17,590 feet), Chang La is the gateway to the famous Pangong Lake. The road to Chang La is steep and challenging, with hairpin bends and rugged terrain. The pass is named after the revered Changla Baba, whose temple is near the top and is believed to protect travellers on treacherous journeys. The views from the top are spectacular, with snow-capped peaks and distant valleys.
Taglang La:
Taglang La, at 5,328 meters (17,480 feet), is part of the Manali-Leh Highway. It offers a breathtaking view of the surrounding valleys and mountains. The road to Taglang La is less crowded than other passes, providing a more serene and solitary experience. It’s an excellent spot for photography and soaking in the natural beauty.
Zoji La:
Located at 3,528 meters (11,575 feet) on the Srinagar-Leh Highway, Zoji La is known for its treacherous roads and stunning landscapes. The pass is a critical link between the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh. The narrow road winds through steep cliffs and offers dramatic views of the rugged terrain. Drive cautiously, as the road can be challenging, especially during bad weather.
The ‘Surprising’ Altitude of Ladakh’s Passes
Travelling through the high passes of Ladakh is an awe-inspiring experience, but it’s essential to grasp the sheer scale of the altitude you’ll be encountering.
To put things into perspective, when you drive up to Khardung La Pass at 5,600 m (18,380 ft), you reach more than 60% of Mount Everest’s height, 8,848.86 m (29,032 feet).
This is a significant altitude—higher than many of the world’s tallest peaks and even higher than some aircraft fly at cruising altitude.
Understanding this helps emphasize the importance of being well-prepared for the challenges of such extreme heights. The thin air at these altitudes is no joke, and it’s crucial to respect the mountains, take precautions like carrying oxygen bottles, and be aware of how your body reacts to the environment.
The BEST TIME TO VISIT
The best time to visit Ladakh’s mountain passes is between June and September. During these months, the roads are accessible, and the weather is relatively mild. The snow has melted, revealing lush valleys and vibrant wildflowers. The temperatures range from 15°C to 30°C during the day, making it comfortable for travel.
Avoid visiting during winter as most passes are closed due to heavy snowfall, and the temperatures can drop below freezing.
Places Of Interest
NUBRA VALLEY
PANGONG LAKE
A stunning blue lake shared by India and China is accessible via Chang La. The lake’s crystal-clear waters reflect the surrounding mountains, creating a mesmerizing sight—camp by the lake to witness its changing colours during sunrise and sunset.
TSO MORIRI
Another high-altitude lake surrounded by majestic mountains, Tso Moriri, is less frequented by tourists and offers a more tranquil experience. The lake is home to several bird species, making it a paradise for bird watchers.
DISKIT MONASTERY
Located in Nubra Valley, Diskit Monastery offers spectacular views and spiritual solace. Built-in the 14th century, it is the largest and oldest monastery in Nubra Valley. The 32-meter statue of Maitreya Buddha is a major attraction.
Where To Stay
Click here for various accommodations through Ladakh.
Final Thoughts
Exploring the mountain passes of Ladakh has genuinely been one of my travels’ most exhilarating and memorable experiences. As someone who has journeyed through 74 countries, I can confidently say that Ladakh’s awe-inspiring landscapes and thrilling routes stand out as some of the most spectacular.
Driving up to Khardung La, I felt incredible achievement and adventure. The winding roads and steep ascents tested my willpower, but reaching the top, surrounded by the majestic peaks of the Karakoram Range, was a reward beyond words. The breathtaking views and the crisp, fresh air made every challenging moment worth it.
With its snow-covered paths, Chang La felt like a gateway to another world, while the journey to Pangong Lake through this pass was like a scene from a dream, with the lake’s crystal-clear blue waters reflecting the snow-capped mountains.
Ladakh’s mountain passes are not just about the drive; they are about the entire journey, the people you meet, the serene monasteries, the vibrant culture, and the untouched beauty of nature. Whether you’re an adventure seeker or a nature lover, Ladakh offers something for everyone.
If you’re planning your next travel adventure, add Ladakh’s mountain passes. Prepare well, respect the local environment, and prepare for a lifetime of memories. Ladakh has left an indelible mark on my heart, and I’m sure it will do the same for you.
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